oracle導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到文本、從文本導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)的詳細(xì)步驟

經(jīng)常有需求向表中導(dǎo)入大量的數(shù)據(jù)，使用insert不靠譜，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有時需要講數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到文本，oracle的spool可以輕松實現(xiàn)oracle導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt、txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle

一、導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt

這里用all_objects表做測試

sql> desc all_objects;
name                                      null?    type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
owner                                     not null varchar2(30)
object_name                               not null varchar2(30)
subobject_name                                     varchar2(30)
object_id                                 not null number
data_object_id                                     number
object_type                                        varchar2(19)
created                                   not null date
last_ddl_time                             not null date
timestamp                                          varchar2(19)
status                                             varchar2(7)
temporary                                          varchar2(1)
generated                                          varchar2(1)
secondary                                          varchar2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入測試
這里需要一些設(shè)置滿足數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出的樣式

viexp_table.sql

set line 1000         --設(shè)置行的長度
set pagesize 0        --輸出不換頁
set feedback off      --默認(rèn)的當(dāng)一條sql發(fā)出的時候，oracle會給一個反饋，比如說創(chuàng)建表的時候，如果成功命令行會返回類似：table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋
set heading off       --不顯示表頭信息
set trimspool on      --如果trimspool設(shè)置為on，將移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on          --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　   --顯示start啟動的腳本中的每個sql命令，缺省為on
set colsep '|'         --設(shè)置分隔符
set termout off        --不在屏幕上顯示結(jié)果
spool db1.txt          --記錄數(shù)據(jù)到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects;  --導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)語句
spool off              --收集完畢
exit

一切就緒后導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql 

sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:35:14 2013

copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle.  all rights reserved.


connected to:
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options

disconnected from oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt  --可選，去除每行開頭部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|icol$
44|i_user1
28|con$
15|undo$
29|c_cobj#
3|i_obj#
25|proxy_role_data$

導(dǎo)出后檢查數(shù)據(jù)的記錄數(shù)是否正確

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

sql*plus: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 16:36:21 2013

copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle.  all rights reserved.


connected to:
oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options

sql> select count(*) from all_objects;

count(*)
----------
   49988  --數(shù)據(jù)正確

二、從txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle

sqlldr是通過一個control文件設(shè)定后，從文本導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)

建立一張測試表

sql> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

table created.

建立一個control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data                 
infile 'db1.txt'            --數(shù)據(jù)來源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr    --數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到表tb_sqldr中，導(dǎo)入方式為追加，如果想覆蓋
fields terminated by "|"    --4、字段終止于x'09'，是一個制表符(tab)
(id,name)                    --定義對應(yīng)的字段名稱，注意順序

導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)分成四種模式，可以根據(jù)需求選擇：

append // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 就加在后面
insert // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) sqlloader會停止 默認(rèn)值
replace // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 原先的數(shù)據(jù)會全部刪除
truncate // 指定的內(nèi)容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)

執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的數(shù)據(jù)短短2s解決

執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入后驗證數(shù)據(jù)

sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

count(*)
----------
   49988

導(dǎo)入成功

再執(zhí)行一次導(dǎo)入操作，由于設(shè)置為追加

sql> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

count(*)
----------
   99976

記錄翻倍

sqlldr還有很多參數(shù)供選擇，比如log、bad這些，查看幫助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

sql*loader: release 10.2.0.4.0 - production on thu jun 13 17:07:26 2013

copyright (c) 1982, 2007, oracle.  all rights reserved.


usage: sqlldr keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

valid keywords:

  userid -- oracle username/password           
 control -- control file name                  
     log -- log file name                      
     bad -- bad file name                      
    data -- data file name                     
 discard -- discard file name                  
discardmax -- number of discards to allow          (default all)
    skip -- number of logical records to skip    (default 0)
    load -- number of logical records to load    (default all)
  errors -- number of errors to allow            (default 50)
    rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
             (default: conventional path 64, direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes  (default 256000)
  silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
  direct -- use direct path                      (default false)
 parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load                     (default false)
    file -- file to allocate extents from      
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions  (default false)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable  (default false)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued  (default false)
readsize -- size of read buffer                  (default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; not_used, generate_only, execute  (default not_used)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array  (default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes  (default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path  
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session  (default false)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for resumable  (default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache  (default 1000)

please note: command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords.  an example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'.  one may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords.  for example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.

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